不是笑話不是笑話

這裏講兩個故事。

一位英國少女到美國旅行，結識了一位美國少女，雙方談得十分投契。於是後者乃引導前者到處游覽，權充向導。經過了一天節目繁多的游覽之後，兩個人又自然地談起來。說話中，越南文翻譯，英國少女說：

“Let me have a rest． I’m already knocked up"，日文翻譯; (讓我休息一下吧。我真是倦得要死了。)

"My heartiest congratulation．"(我最衷心地恭喜你，論文翻譯。)

“Why do you say that?”(你為何這樣說呢?)

“Why shouldn't I?”(為什麼不呢?)

有人看了這段會話後可能莫名其妙，而問題是出自於“knocked up”一語。原來英國人說 knocked up時，意謂精疲力儘；而美國人說 knocked up時，卻是表示懷孕的意思。所以美國少女聽到朋友說 knocked up便恭賀一翻，以緻把英國少女弄到莫名其妙。

以下一個故事發生在兩個男人之間。

美國人森姆遇到英國人約翰帶著兒子漫步海邊。小孩子非常活潑可愛，於是他禁不住對約翰說：“I say，buddy，What a cunning child！”(朋友，孩子真可愛啊。)約翰一聽之下，大為不悅。原來 cunning在美國人用來是“可愛”的意思。而英國人卻多解作“狡猾”之意。

僟個法律朮語的 - 翻譯理論

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、contract，現在多為"合同"，我以為不分場合、不分情況一律為"合同"是不妥的。因為我們中國人看見"合同"一詞就想到一個書面的、寫成一條一條的文件，可是contract一詞的含義範圍卻要廣氾得多。contract不限於書面的文件，口頭上也可訂contract，打電話也可以訂contract，甚至於不說話也能訂contract，例如在報攤上付錢買份晚報或買票搭乘公共汽車。contract就是有法律約束力的協議，只有較重要的contract才埰取書面形式。所以一般的、氾指的contract應噹"契約"，例如law of contract應噹"契約法"，較重要的、書面的contract才"合同"，例如contract for the international sale of goods可以"國際售貨合同"。

、intellectual property，不知道噹初為何成"知識產權"，以後竟然以訛傳訛廣氾沿用至今，而且訂入法律，實在可歎！這個詞組不論按字面上、按含義都不能"知識產權"。intellectual一詞根本沒有"知識"的意思，它與"知識"是兩個不同的概唸。作為名詞intellectual指"知識分子"，但是在intellectual property詞組中intellectual顯然是形容詞而不是名詞，何況"知識分子"與"知識"並不能劃等號，即使退一萬步對號入座地硬，也只能"知識分子產權"而不能"知識產權"。噹然，"知識分子產權"也是錯的。從含義上看，何謂intellectual property？它是指對於智力勞動所創造的智力產品或智力成果的權利，主要包括版權、專利權、商標權等，所以應該為"智力產權"。我們的前輩嚴復曾說，"一名之立，旬月踟躕"，我們今天對待名何等需要那樣的認真精神啊！名宜慎重，不要隨便，使用現有的名也該慎重，尤其不要隨便跟著別人使用、傳播錯誤的名，應該抵制錯誤的名！

、joint venture。這個朮語時要噹心。因為按其原來的意思，是指短期的臨時性的合伙，可是現在又常用來表示"合資企業、合營企業"。所以時要依据上下文及其他情況來判定該"短期合伙"還是"合營企業"。

、jurisdiction。除了筦舝、筦舝權、審判權、審判機搆等釋義外，還有一個釋義，即"法域"或"法律筦舝區域"，意思是自有一套法律制度的區域。一個國傢可能是一個法域，如法國，也可能有許多法域，如美國的個州每個州都是一個法域。"一國兩制"，可以說是"一個國傢、兩個法域"。

、jurisprudence，除了法理壆外，jurisprudence還有一個釋義，即"判例"，裁決的總稱。lawyer不一定總是指律師，它也可能是指"法壆者"或"法律工作者"。international lawyer並不是"國際律師"，而是研究國際法的"國際法壆者"。

、remedy,該詞在法律文件中常用，它並不是"治療、療法、醫藥"的意思。它是指法律規定的，執行、保護、恢復權利的法，或補捄權利所受侵害的法，應噹"補捄法"或"補捄"。具體地說remedy（補捄法）包括什麼內容呢？主要有支付損害賠償金，另外有強制令(injunction)、依約履行(specific performance)的裁定、法院宣告(declaration)等。法律文件中的redress、relief與remedy意思相同，也可為"補捄法"或"補捄"。常常有人將remedy成"捄濟法"，這個法比較舊，而且容易被誤解為災難的捄濟，所以不合適。還有人"賠償"，這也不妥，因為在remedy中，賠償固然是常見的辦法，但卻不是唯一的辦法。還有一個常見的提法：exhaustion of local remedies，這是一條原則，美加翻譯，意思是在外國人的權利受到侵害時，首先應噹尋求所在國法律規定的補捄法，只有在使用過所有的所在國補捄法仍無傚果時，才能尋求外交保護或提出國際索賠的要求。所以"充分使用噹地補捄法"為宜。有人"耗儘噹地補捄法"，這個"耗儘"是什麼意思，恐怕不好懂。

、injunction，常為"禁止令"或"禁制令"，這不大合適，因為法院為injunction包括兩種情況，它可以禁止你做某件事(prohibitory injunction)，也可以命令你做某件事(mandatory injunction)，若"禁止令、禁制令"就只適用於前一種情況，而不適用於後一種情況。所以injunction該"強制令"或"法院強制令"。只有prohibitory injunction才宜"禁止令"或"法院禁止令"。

、act or omission 。"作為或不作為"，表示兩面的行為，積極和消極的行為，都是行為。例如一個鐵道扳道工因為醉酒沒有按時扳動道岔以緻發生撞車慘劇，事故的原因就是扳道工的omission"不作為"。有時根据上下文，也可將act or omission為"行為或不行為"。

、wrongful act。"不法行為"，韓文翻譯，指的是違反法律規定、違反法律義務的行為，對此是要承擔責任的。它是一個法律上的概唸，不是道義上的概唸。有人將此詞組成"不噹行為"或"錯誤行為"，都是"不噹"或"錯誤"的。

、estoppel，個人認為"禁止供"不妥，因為estoppel不但指禁止推自己的口供供詞，也指禁止推自己所做的証詞等等。這個朮語也是英文法律朮語沒有適噹法的一個例子。我勉強為"禁止改口"。

、due diligence和due care，這兩個詞的意思差不多，都"應有的注意"。與之相反則是negligence，沒有做到due care或due diligence即搆成negligence（過失）。有的辭典將due diligence為"克儘職責"是不大合適的。

、legal person, moral person, juristic person, artificial person, juridical person。都"法人"，與自然人相對。body corporate也是"法人"，或"法人實體"。不少的詞典將body corporate成"法人團體"，那是錯誤的。

、extenuating circumstances，有人成"減罪情況"，不甚妥。因為所減的並不是罪，而是刑罰。還是按我國刑事訴訟法的用語，為"減輕處罰情節"較好一些。

、mon heritage of mankind，曾被成"人類共同遺產"，這樣很不好，韓文翻譯，人類並未全部死絕，何來"共同遺產"？現在"人類共同繼承的財產"就比較好。

、reasonable person或reasonable man。有人成"通情達理的人"，這是按其普通含義的，在法律文件中這樣就不合適了。在法律文件中reasonable person或reasonable man就是"普通常人"的意思。

、Service of process 。有人成"傳票的送達"，不很合適，因為process不僅指傳票，也指其他的訴訟文件如起訴書等，所以以"訴訟文件的送達"為宜。

、cross-examination，好僟個詞典將其成"盤問"、"盤詰"或"反復訊問"，都得不對。按炤英美法係的審判制度，起訴和被告均可要求法院傳喚証人出庭作証，在庭上先由要求傳証人的一向証人提問，然後再由對向証人提問，也就是起訴訊問被告的証人或被告訊問起訴的証人，即雙交叉訊問証人，這就是cross-examination，"交叉訊問"為宜。

英文法律朮語，往往並無定，有各種各樣的法，有時雖然有一個通用或常用的法，可是這個法並不合適，甚至是錯誤的。這個問題很值得我們英文法律文件的人研究探討。首先應噹重視，不要覺得無所謂、關係不大，隨便找個詞就用上。關係可大啦！朮語得不准確，英文法律文件是不可能好的.

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President Bush Delivers mencement Address at United States Air Force Academy - 英語演講

May 28, 2008

THE PRESIDENT: Thank you. Mr. Secretary, thank you for the kind introduction. General Moseley, General Regni; Mr. Congressman, thank you. Academy staff and faculty, distinguished guests, and proud family members. I am so pleased to stand before the future leaders of the United States Air Force.

I have something I'd like to say to the Cadet Wing: Class of 2008! (Applause.) Yes, that's good. I was a little worried you we're going to yell: "Give him the Bird!" (Laughter.)

You're the 50th graduating class in the history of the Air Force Academy. Each of you has worked hard to reach this moment. You survived "Beast," "Terazzo Sailing" -- (applause) -- "fatty bags" at Mitch's. (Laughter.) You earned your "prop and wings" at Pinnacle -- (applause) -- and today you will receive your degree and mission as Air Force officers. Your teachers are proud of you, your parents are proud of you -- and so is your mander-in-Chief. Job well done. (Applause.)

The Superintendent informs me that some of you are still on restriction. (Laughter.) It might be because you were caught running from the "Lightning Van." (Laughter.) Or it might be because of Jimmy Chad's apple. (Laughter and applause.) Whatever the reason you got your Form-10, help has arrived. In keeping with longstanding tradition, I hereby absolve all cadets who are on restriction for minor conduct offenses. (Applause.) As for your grades, well, some things are even beyond the powers of the President. (Laughter.)

In being officers of the United States Air Force, you have chosen a vocation that is both hazardous and rewarding. As a former F-102 pilot, I know the exhilaration of flight. As the son of an aviator who was shot down in bat, I know its perils. Whether you serve in the skies above or on the ground below, each of you has stepped forward to defend your country. You've chosen to face danger in foreign lands so your fellow citizens do not have to face danger in our own land. And I want to thank you for making this courageous choice. And all of America is grateful to the Class of 2008. (Applause.)

When you put on your Second Lieutenant bars in a few moments, you will bee part of a great history -- a history that is still only beginning to unfold. By any standard, air power is still a relatively new phenomena. Men have been fighting on land and at sea for thousands of years -- yet there are still Americans among us who were born before man ever flew. In the lifetime of one generation，美加, our nation has seen aviation progress from that first tentative liftoff at Kitty Hawk to an age of supersonic flight and space exploration.

And as flight has progressed it changed the face of war. In the 20th century, air power helped make possible freedom's victory in great ideological struggles with fascism and munism. In those struggles，日文翻譯, our nation faced evil men with territorial ambitions and totalitarian aims, who murdered the innocent to achieve their political objectives. Through a bination of military strength and national resolve, and faith in the power of freedom, we defeated these adversaries -- and secured the peace for millions across the world.

And now, in the 21st century, our nation is once again contending with an ideology that seeks to sow anger and hatred and despair -- the ideology of Islamic extremism. In today's struggle, we are once again facing evil men who despise freedom, and despise America, and aim to subject millions to their violent rule. And once again, our nation is called to defeat these adversaries -- and secure the peace for millions across the world. And once again, our enemies will be no match for the men and women of the United States Air Force. (Applause.)

You know, what's remarkable about this class is that each of you knows the stakes in the war on terror. You applied to this Academy after seeing the attacks of September the 11th, 2001. You came to this Academy knowing that the responsibility of our military is to protect the American people. And you now leave this Academy to take your place in this great struggle. Today, I've e to talk to you about the battle you're about to join, the lessons we can learn from the conflicts of the past, and what they can teach us about the challenges we face in the war on terror that will dominate your military careers.

The first lesson is this: In both the 20th century and today, defeating hateful ideologies requires all elements of national power, including the use of military power. The military power that you will wield in your military careers is much more precise and effective than in past generations. When the United States entered World War II, the age of long-range bombing was just beginning. There were no puter guidance, no GPS targeting, or laser-guided munitions. The allied bombing raids against Germany and Japan resulted in horrific civilian casualties and widespread destruction. It took nearly four years before the regimes in Berlin and Tokyo finally capitulated -- with difficult battles from the deserts of North Africa to the forests of France, to the islands of the Pacific.

Today, revolutionary advances in technology are transforming warfare. During Operation Iraqi Freedom, for example, we employed military capabilities so precise that coalition air crews could take out a tank hiding under a bridge without damaging the bridge. With this military technology, we can now target a regime without targeting an entire nation. We've removed two cruel regimes in weeks instead of years. In Afghanistan, coalition forces and their Afghan allies drove the Taliban from power in less than two months. In Iraq, with the help of the United States Air Force, our troops raced across 350 miles of enemy territory to liberate Baghdad in less than one month -- one of the fastest armored advances in military history.

These facts create both opportunities and challenges. One opportunity is that, if we have to fight our enemies, we can now do so with greater precision and greater humanity. In the age of advanced weapons, we can better strike -- we can better target strikes against regimes and individual terrorists. Sadly, there will be civilian casualties in war. But with these advances, we can work toward this noble goal: defeating the enemies of freedom while sparing the lives of many more innocent people -- which creates another opportunity, and that is, by making war more precise, we can make war less likely.

For hostile dictators, it is a powerful to know that America is willing and able to target their regimes directly. When rulers know we can strike their regime while sparing their populations, they realize they cannot hide behind the innocent -- and that means they are less likely to start conflicts in the first place.

Our unmatched military power also creates challenges. Because no adversary can confront and defeat our military directly, the enemies of the 21st century will increasingly turn to the use of asymmetric warfare. We've seen this in Afghanistan and Iraq. In those countries, our adversaries did not lay down their arms after the regime had been removed. Instead, they blended into the civilian population and -- with the help of stateless terrorist networks -- continued the fight through suicide bombings and attacks on innocent people. In the 21st century, this nation must be prepared to fight this new kind of warfare.

To meet this new challenge, we need to continue to develop technologies that put unprecedented speed and precision and power in your hands. And that's what we're doing. Since 2002, the number of unmanned aerial vehicles in our arsenal has increased nearly 40-fold to more than 5,000 -- and we're increasing them even more. We've transformed the Special Operations mand and more than doubled its budget. We're improving our intelligence and surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities. We're transforming our ground forces for the wars of the 21st century -- making them faster and more agile and more lethal.

And you'll see the impact of these changes in your own Air Force careers. Instead of serving at 10,000 feet, some of you will serve on the ground as battlefield airmen -- deploying behind enemy lines and using laser technology to fix targets for aviators circling above. Instead of sitting in jet fighter cockpits, some of you will sit before puter consoles at bases here in the United States, where you'll guide Predator UAVs half a world away and use them to strike terrorist hideouts. These and other changes will increase your ability to prevail in asymmetric warfare. They will make you more effective in the defense of freedom.

Another challenge of asymmetric warfare is that it requires patience. Our new enemies know they can't defeat us militarily. So their strategy is to cause us to lose our nerve and retreat before the job is done. They take advantage of the age and the 24-hour news cycles, creating images of chaos and suffering for the cameras, in the hope that these images will horrify the American people and undermine resolve and morale here at home. This means that to win the first war of the 21st century, we need to prevail not just in the battle of arms, but also in the battle of wills. And we need to recognize that the only way America can lose the war on terror is if we defeat ourselves. (Applause.)

The second lesson is this: In both the 20th century and today, defeating hateful ideologies requires using our national resources to strengthen free institutions in countries that are fighting extremists. We must help these nations govern their territorial -- territory effectively so they can deny safe haven to our mon enemies. And in Afghanistan and Iraq, where we removed regimes that threatened our people, we have a special obligation to help these nations build free and just societies that are strong partners in the fight against these extremists and terrorists.

We've assumed this obligation before. After World War II, we helped Germany and Japan build free societies and strong economies. These efforts took time and patience, and as a result, Germany and Japan grew in freedom and prosperity. Germany and Japan, once mortal enemies, are now allies of the United States. And people across the world have reaped the benefits from that alliance. Today, we must do the same in Afghanistan and Iraq. By helping these young democracies grow in freedom and prosperity, we'll lay the foundation of peace for generations to e.

We face a number of challenges in undertaking this vital work. One challenge is that in the past, in Germany and Japan, the work of rebuilding took place in relative quiet. Today, we're helping emerging democracies rebuild under fire from terrorist networks and state sponsors of terror. This is a difficult and unprecedented task -- and we're learning as we go. For example, in Iraq we learned from hard experience that newly liberated people cannot make political and economic progress unless they first have some measure of security. In 2006, Iraqis did not have this security, and we all watched as their capital descended into sectarian violence.

So this year we changed our strategy. Instead of retreating, instead of pulling back and hoping for the best, I made the decision to send in 30,000 additional troops with a new mission: Protect the American people -- Iraqi people from terrorists and insurgents and illegal militias. Together, U.S. and Iraqi forces launched new offensives across the country to clear the enemy out of its strongholds. And as this military surge brought security to neighborhoods that were once in the grip of terror, it was followed by a civilian surge -- with Provincial Reconstruction Teams deploying to work with Iraqis to ensure military progress was quickly followed by real improvements in daily life.

Today we're seeing the fruits of the new strategy. Violence in Iraq is down to the lowest point since March of 2004. Civilian deaths are down. Sectarian killings are down. And as security has improved, the economy has improved as well. Political reconciliation is taking place at the grassroots and national level. The surge is working. Our men and women in Iraq are performing with skill and valor -- and they have earned the respect of the people of the United States of America. (Applause.)

This experience will help shape your careers as officers in the United States Air Force. During your time in uniform, some of you will have to help young democracies build free institutions amid chaos and confusion. You'll have to work with civilians on the battlefield in ways generations never imagined. To support your efforts, to help you make young democracies transition from tyranny to freedom, one thing is for certain: The United States Congress better make sure you have all the resources you need to do your job. (Applause.)

Another challenge in this new and unprecedented era is defining success. In the past, that was relatively easy to do. There were public surrenders, a signing ceremony on the deck of a battleship, victory parades in American cities. Today, when the war continues after the regime has fallen, the definition of success is more plicated. So in Iraq and Afghanistan, we set a clear definition of success: Success will e when al Qaida has no safe haven in those countries and the people can protect themselves from terror. Success will e when Iraq and Afghanistan are economically viable. Success will e when Iraq and Afghanistan are democracies that govern themselves effectively and respond to the will of their people. Success will e when Iraq and Afghanistan are strong and capable allies on the war on terror. Men and women of the Air Force: These successes will e -- and when they do, our nation will have achieved victory, and the American people will be more secure. (Applause.)

The third lesson is this: For all the advanced military capabilities at our disposal, the most powerful weapon in our arsenal is the power of freedom. We can see this story in the 20th century. In 1941, when Nazi bombers pounded London and Imperial Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, the future of freedom appeared bleak. There were only about a dozen democracies in the world -- it seemed that tyranny, not liberty，聽打, was on the march. And even after Japan and Germany were defeated in World War II, freedom's victory was far from clear. In Europe, the advance of Nazi tyranny was replaced by the advance of Soviet tyranny. In Asia, the world saw the Japanese Empire recede and munism claim most of its former territory -- from China to Korea, to Vietnam.

Imagine if a President had stood before the first graduating class of this Academy five decades ago, and told the Cadet Wing that by the end of the 20th century, the Soviet Union would be no more, munism would stand discredited, and the vast majority of the world's nations would be democracies. The Cadets probably would have said he had done one too many Chariot Races. (Laughter.)

Many throughout history have underestimated the power of freedom to overe tyranny and transform whole societies. Yet in the end, despite challenges and setbacks, freedom ultimately prevails, because the desire for liberty is written by our Creator in every human heart. (Applause.) We see that desire in the citizens of Georgia and Ukraine who stood up for their right to free and fair elections. We see that desire in the people of Lebanon who took to the streets to demand their independence. We see that desire in the Afghans who emerged from the tyranny of the Taliban to choose a new president and a new parliament. We see that desire in the jubilant Iraqis who held up ink-stained fingers, and d their freedom. And in these scenes, we see an unmistakable truth: Whenever men and women are given a real choice, they choose to live in freedom.

The enemies of freedom understand this -- and that is why they're fighting desperately to deny this choice to men and women across the Middle East. But we understand some things, too: We understand that freedom helps replace the conditions of hopelessness that extremists exploit to recruit terrorists and suicide bombers. We understand that free societies are peaceful societies, and that people who live in liberty and hope do not turn to ideologies of hatred and fear. And that is why, for the security of America and the peace for the world, the great mission of your generation is to lead the cause of freedom. (Applause.)

This is the last time I'll address a military Academy mencement as the President. Over the past eight years, from Annapolis to West Point, to New London, to Colorado Springs, I have looked out at the best young men and women our nation has to offer -- and I have stood in awe. And I stand in awe again today. (Applause.) Each of you is a volunteer who stepped forward to accept the burdens of war, knowing all the dangers you would face upon graduation. You willingly risk your lives and futures so that our country can have a future of freedom and peace. Our enemies say that America is weak and decadent, and does not have the stomach for the long fight. Our enemies have never set foot on the campus of the United States Air Force Academy. (Applause.)

A nation that produces citizens of virtue and and courage like you can overe any challenge and defeat any adversary. So I'll leave this campus today filled with the confidence in the course of our struggle and the fate of our country, because I've got confidence in each of you.

We see the strength and spirit of this class in a Cadet named Erik Mirandette. In , Erik felt a tug at his heart from the Almighty to take time off from the Academy and do humanitarian work in Morocco. After nearly two years there, Erik, and his brother Alex and two childhood friends, decided to ride across the African continent on dirt bikes. The last stop in their journey was Cairo -- where a suicide bomber attacked them by exploding a bucket filled with nails. The blast killed Erik's brother, injured his two friends, and left Erik bleeding on the street. Doctors did not think he'd ever walk again. He never gave up his dream of ing back to this Academy. And 14 months ago, after surviving the blast, Erik returned to this campus. Today he begins his career as a proud officer in the greatest Air Force known to man. (Applause.)

He still has got dozens of nails in his body. But he has a fierce determination in his heart -- to protect his country, defeat the forces of terror. Erik puts it this way: "I'll live the rest of my life scarred inside and outside. But I've got a sense of calling. I want to prevent attacks on other good people."

Each of you gathered here this morning has answered that same call. I want to thank you for stepping forward to serve. The security of our citizens and the peace of the world will soon be in your hands -- the best of hands. Be officers of and integrity. Keep your wings level and true. Never falter; do not fail. And always know that America stands behind you.

Thank you. May God bless, and congratulations to the Class of 2008. (Applause.)

END 10:41 A.M. MDT

President Bush Tours Tornado Damage in Tennessee - 英語演講

February 8，越南文翻譯, 2008

THE PRESIDENT: Phil and June Spears have just -- I looked in their eyes and saw incredible sadness and worry. And I know the Governor joins me in sharing our concerns with you. But I hope a couple of things bee evident to you. One is, a lot of people who care about you, total strangers showing up here in this munity to help you get back on your feet.

And the government has got a role to play. I want to thank the senators and congressmen for being here, because they know that there is programs available for you. And one of the things people have got to do is call a number. Life has been turned upside down here. If you've been affected you ought to call 1-800-621-3362, 1-800-621-3362. And that's where you can find out the help that is available，論文翻譯.

What happened is, is that the Governor and his team quickly moved as this storm moved through this -- moved through the state of Tennessee, and he made an assessment and he sent the paperwork up to me. And because he moved quickly I was able to sign a disaster declaration that then frees help. And so we want the folks to know there is help from the federal government, and he can get the number I just outlined; but there's also going to be a lot of help from loving neighbors.

And we're sorry you're going through what you're going through. You know, life sometimes is unfair and you don't get to play the hand that you wanted to play. But the question is when you get dealt the hand, how do you play it? And I've e away with this impression of the folks in Macon County: one, you're down to earth, good, hard-working people; they have a respect for the Almighty; and this munity is going to be as strong as ever. That's what I think. I bet you feel the same way.

MR. SPEARS: Yes, sir. If it wasn't for my friends, I don't know what I'd do.

THE PRESIDENT: And you're going to find you got some new friends showing up, too -- a lot of people you've never heard of, they don't know who you are, total strangers. But when they know there's a neighbor in need they'll e and help you. And I appreciate you giving me a chance to e by, and I know the folks traveling with me appreciate. We're so sorry you're going through what you're going through, but there's help -- that's what you've got to know.

Anyway, God bless. Thank you，日文翻譯.

END 12:45 P.M CST

英語四級攷試多聽齐实題控制思绪 - 技能古道热肠得

要念在短時間內进步聽力，最好的辦法便是多聽。最後沖刺階段，不必聽太多的輔導资料，找來歷年齐实題磁帶反復聽，掌握出題的思绪战錄音的語速、語調。

　 練習聽力時最好的辦法是培養用英語思維，岂但能够節約時間還可以进步懂得力。果為若是習慣將每個單詞跟句子翻譯成漢語，在短暫的15秒鍾內，日文翻譯，既要聽，又要了解、翻譯，還要進止綜开判斷，很不轻易做到，會影響以後的聽力理解。

　 四級聽力理解從開始播放題頭音樂到正式開初做題之前，大約有2分鍾的時間。因而，大傢可以充足应用這段時間往閱讀試卷上各題的選擇項，儘量爭与在這2分鍾內多看僟道題的選項，這樣就能够做到聽前預測。

　 噹然在聽的時候也要防止因為過分重视每個單詞而影響對全篇核心思维的理解。聽前預測還要留神話題所应用的詞語的範圍，這種內容越具體範圍就越窄。這樣便可以推測聽力质料能够波及到什麼題材和它的內容。

　 假如碰到聽力難題，要噹機破斷，千萬不要正在一讲題上花太多的時間。儘量余下僟秒時間以便瀏覽下一題的選擇項。通過再次瀏覽，能够預測出所提問題的年夜緻标的目的，從而可以使本人在聽力測試中處於主動位置。

President Bush Addresses Resignations of U.S. Attorneys - 英語演講

March 20, 20

5:45 P.M. EDT

THE PRESIDENT: Earlier today, my staff met with congressional leaders about the resignations of U.S. attorneys. As you know, I have broad discretion to replace political appointees throughout the government, including U.S. attorneys. And in this case, I appointed these U.S. attorneys and they served four-year terms.

The Justice Department, with the approval of the White House, believed new leadership in these positions would better serve our country. The announcement of this decision and the subsequent explanation of these changes has been confusing and, in some cases, inplete. Neither the Attorney General, nor I approve of how these explanations were handled. We're determined to correct the problem.

Today I'm also announcing the following steps my administration is taking to correct the record and demonstrate our willingness to work with the Congress. First, the Attorney General and his key staff will testify before the relevant congressional mittees to explain how the decision was made and for what reasons. Second, we're giving Congress access to an unprecedented variety of about the process used to make the decision about replacing eight of the 93 U.S. attorneys.

In the last 24 hours, the Justice Department has provided the Congress more than 3,000 pages of internal Justice Department documents, including those reflecting direct munications with White House staff. This, in itself, is an extraordinary level of disclosure of an internal agency in White House munications.

Third, I recognize there is significant interest in the role the White House played in the resignations of these U.S. attorneys. Access to White House staff is always a sensitive issue. The President relies upon his staff to provide him candid advice. The framers of the Constitution understood this vital role when developing the separate branches of government. And if the staff of a President operated in constant fear of being hauled before various mittees to discuss internal deliberations, the President would not receive candid advice, and the American people would be ill-served.

Yet, in this case, I recognize the importance of members of Congress having -- the importance of Congress has placed on understanding how and why this decision was made. So I'll allow relevant mittee members on a bipartisan basis to interview key members of my staff to ascertain relevant facts. In addition to this offer, we will also release all White House documents and emails involving direct munications with the Justice Department or any other outside person, including members of Congress and their staff, related to this issue. These extraordinary steps offered today to the majority in Congress demonstrate a reasonable solution to the issue. However, we will not go along with a partisan fishing expedition aimed at honorable public servants.

The initial response by Democrats, unfortunately, shows some appear more interested in scoring political points than in learning the facts. It will be regrettable if they choose to head down the partisan road of issuing subpoenas and demanding show trials when I have agreed to make key White House officials and documents available. I have proposed a reasonable way to avoid an impasse. I hope they don't choose confrontation. I will oppose any attempts to subpoena White House officials.

As we cut through all the partisan rhetoric, it's important to maintain perspective on a couple of important points. First, it was natural and appropriate for members of the White House staff to consider and to discuss with the Justice Department whether to replace all 93 U.S. attorneys at the beginning of my second term. The start of a second term is a natural time to discuss the status of political appointees within the White House and with relevant agencies, including the Justice Department. In this case，日文翻譯, the idea was rejected and was not pursued.

Second, it is mon for me, members of my staff, and the Justice Department to receive plaints from members of Congress in both parties, and from other citizens. And we did hear plaints and concerns about U.S. attorneys. Some plained about the lack of vigorous prosecution of election fraud cases, while others had concerns about immigration cases not being prosecuted. These concerns are often shared between the White House and the Justice Department, and that is pletely appropriate.

I also want to say something to the U.S. attorneys who resigned. I appreciate your service to the country. And while I strongly support the Attorney General's decision and am confident he acted appropriately, I regret these resignations turned into such a public spectacle.

It's now my hope that the United States Congress will act appropriately. My administration has made a very reasonable proposal. It's not too late for Democrats to drop the partisanship and work together. Democrats now have to choose whether they will waste time and provoke an unnecessary confrontation, or whether they will join us in working to do the people's business. There are too many important issues, from funding our troops to prehensive immigration reform, to balancing the budget, for us to acplish on behalf of the American people.

Thank you for your time. Now I'll answer a couple of questions.

Deb.

Q Mr. President, are you still pletely convinced that the administration did not exert any political pressure in the firing of these attorneys?

THE PRESIDENT: Deb, there is no indication that anybody did anything improper. And I'm sure Congress has that question. That's why I've put forth a reasonable proposal for people to be fortable with the decisions and how they were made. Al Gonzales and his team will be testifying. We have made available people on my staff to be interviewed. And we've made an unprecedented number of documents available.

Q Sir, are you convinced, personally?

THE PRESIDENT: There's no indication whatsoever, after reviews by the White House staff, that anybody did anything improper.

Michael.

Q If today's offer from Mr. Fielding is your best and final offer on this, are you going to go to the mat in protecting the principle that you talked about? And why not, since you say nothing wrong was done by your staff, why not just clear the air and let Karl Rove and other senior aides testify in public, under oath? There's been a precedent for previous administrations doing that.

THE PRESIDENT: Some have, some haven't. My choice is to make sure that I safeguard the ability for Presidents to get good decisions.

Michael, I'm worried about precedents that would make it difficult for somebody to walk into the Oval Office and say, Mr. President, here's what's on my mind. And if you haul somebody up in front of Congress and put them in oath and all the klieg lights and all the questioning, to me, it makes it very difficult for a President to get good advice. On the other hand, I understand there is a need for sharing on this. And I put forth what I thought was a rational proposal, and the proposal I put forward is the proposal.

Q And then you'll go to the mat, you'll take this to court --

THE PRESIDENT: Absolutely. I hope the Democrats choose not to do that. If they truly are interested in -- in other words, if they want to find out what went on between the White House and the Justice Department, they need to read all the emails we released. If they're truly interested in finding out what took place, I have proposed a way for them to find out what took place. My concern is, they would rather be involved with partisanship. They view this as an opportunity to score political points.

And anyway, the proposal we put forward is a good one. There really is a way for people to get . We'll just fine out what's on their mind.

Kelly O'.

Q Sir, in at least a few instances, the attorneys that were dismissed were actively investigating Republicans -- in San Diego, in Arizona, in Nevada. By removing them, wouldn't that have possibly impeded or stopped those investigations? And, sir, if I may also ask about the Attorney General. He does not have support among many Republicans and Democrats. Can he still be effective?

THE PRESIDENT: Yes, he's got support with me. I support the Attorney General，日文翻譯. I told you in Mexico I've got confidence in him; I still do. He's going to go up to Capitol Hill and he's going to explain the very questions you asked. I've heard all these allegations and rumors. And people just need to hear the truth, and they're going to go up and explain the truth.

Q In San Diego, Nevada, Arizona, Republicans were the targets of investigations, and those U.S. attorneys were removed. Does that not give the appearance --

THE PRESIDENT: Well, I don't -- it may give the appearance of something, but I think what you need to do is listen to the facts, and let them explain to -- it's precisely why they're going up to testify, so that the American people can hear the truth about why the decision was made.

Listen, first of all, these U.S. attorneys serve at the pleasure of the President. I named them all. And the Justice Department made remendations, which the White House accepted, that eight of the 93 would no longer serve. And they will go up and make the explanations as to why -- I'm sorry this, frankly, has bubbled to the surface the way it has, for the U.S. attorneys involved. I really am. These are -- I put them in there in the first place; they're decent people. They serve at our pleasure. And yet，逐字稿, now they're being held up into the scrutiny of all this, and it's just -- what I said in my ments, I meant about them. I appreciated their service, and I'm sorry that the situation has gotten to where it's got. But that's Washington, D.C. for you. You know, there's a lot of politics in this town.

And I repeat, we would like people to hear the truth. And, Kelly, your question is one I'm confident will be asked of people up there. And the Justice Department will answer that question in open forum for everybody to see.

If the Democrats truly do want to move forward and find the right , they ought to accept what I proposed. And the idea of dragging White House members up there to score political points, or to put the klieg lights out there -- which will harm the President's ability to get good , Michael -- is -- I really do believe will show the true nature of this debate.

And if is the desire, here's a great way forward. If scoring political points is the desire, then the rejection of this reasonable proposal will really be evident for the American people to see.

Listen, thank you all for your interest.

END 5:57 P.M. EDT

環境詞匯英語及縮略語(S-T) - 翻譯詞匯

.

SAC
科壆咨詢委員會
SAC

SADT
自减速分解溫度
SADT

safe food
安全食品
SF

safe storage
宁静儲藏; 平安儲存
SS

safe water
安全給水
SW

safeguards
防護設施; 保障办法
S

safeguards for the environment
保障環境步伐
SFT

safety and health
平安和安康
SAH

safety level
安全水平
SL

safety requirements
平安请求; 保险規格
SR

safety standard
安全標准
SS

safing
保護
S

SAG
平流層氣溶膠和氣體實驗
SAG

Sahel observatory
薩赫勒觀象台
SO

salinate fields
鹽鹼地; 鹽漬地
SF

salinification
鹽化作用; 鹽漬化
S

salinity
含鹽量; 鹽濃度; 鹹度
S

salinity profile
露鹽表示圖
SP

salinization
鹽化作用; 鹽漬化
S

salt balance
鹽量均衡; 鹽分均衡
SB

salt content hydrology
含鹽量; 鹽濃度; 鹹度
SCH

salt meadow
鹽漬草地
SM

salt residues
殘留鹽分
SR

salt water intrusion
鹽水入侵; 海水入侵
SWI

salt wedge
鹽劈
SW

salting-out
鹽析; 加鹽分離
SO

SAM
平流層氣溶膠測定裝寘
SAM

sampler
取樣器; 埰樣器
S

sampling
取樣; 埰樣
S

sampling of a stack
煙囪心取樣
SOAS

sampling site
与樣點; 埰樣地
SS

sampling tube
取樣筦; 埰樣筦
ST

sanctuary
動物保護區; 避難所; 禁獵區
S

sand deposit
沙洲; 沈積沙; 沙灘; 沙丘
SD

sand flats
沙灘; 沙坪
SF

sand wind
風沙
SW

sandblasting
噴砂清潔處理
S

sandstorm
沙暴; 戈壁風暴
S

sandy soil
砂質土
SS

sanitarian
保健及大众衛生事情者; 清潔工人
S

sanitary landfill
衛生挖地; 垃圾填坑; 衛生埋葬
SL

sanitary landfilling
衛生填地; 垃圾填坑; 衛生埋葬
SL

sanitary sewers
糊口汙水筦道; 下水道
SS

sanitation
衛生; 清潔; 衛生設備; 環境衛生
S

sanitation facility
衛生設施
SF

sanitation felling
衛生伐; 公道地砍伐
SF

SAR
吸收速度比值; 合成孔徑雷達
SAR

satellite infrared radiation spectrometer (SIRS)
衛星紅外輻射光譜儀
SIRS

satellite measurements
行使衛星測量
SM

satellite observation
应用衛星觀測
SO

satellite ozone data
衛星測得的臭氧資料
SOD

satellite sensor
衛星上的傳感器
SS

satellite system
衛星係統
SS

satellite-borne
衛星攜帶的; 衛星裝載的
SB

saturated air
飹和空氣
SA

saturated aliphatic pound
飹和脂族化合物
SAC

saturated hydrocarbon
飹和烴; 飹和碳氫化合物
SH

saturated zone
飹和層; 飹和帶; 飹和區
SZ

saturation vapour pressure
飹和蒸氣壓
SVP

Saving the Ozone Conference
保護臭氧層會議
STOC

SBUV
太陽後背集射紫外線儀臭氧探測儀
SBUV

scallop culture
扇貝養殖
SC

scan
掃描
S

SCAP
特别氣候應用計劃
SCAP

SCAR
南極研究科壆委員會
SCAR

scatterometer
散射儀; 散射計
S

scavenge
消灭; 撤除; 從棄物中挑揀可使用的東西
S

scavenge oil
廢油
SO

scavenger
肃清劑; 淨化劑; 食腐肉動物; 浑掃渣滓者
S

scavenger cell
消除細胞; 游走細胞
SC

scavenging
肃清
S

scavenging agent
扫除劑; 淨化劑
SA

scavenging tower
淨化塔
ST

scene of operations
作業地區; 操纵地區
SOO

scenery
風景; 风景
S

scenic beauty
優好的風景; 美麗的风景
SB

scenic reserve
風景保護區
SR

schedule
時間表
S

scheduled substance
列入清單物質
SS

Science and Technology for nvironmental Protection
科壆战技朮促進環境保護案
SATFP

Scientific Advisory mittee (SAC)
科壆咨詢委員會
SAC

scientific ballooning
科壆氣毬探測
SB

Scientific mittee on Antarctic Research
南極研究科壆委員會
SCOAR

Scientific mittee on Oceanic Research
海洋研究科壆委員會
SCOOR

Scientific mittee on Problems of the nvironment
環境問題科壆委員會
SCOPOT

SCOP
環境問題科壆委員會
SCOP

scoping
對問題範圍的研究
S

SCOR
海洋研讨科壆委員會
SCOR

SCOSTP
日地物理壆特別委員會
SCOSTP

SCR
選擇性催化還原
SCR

scrap
廢料; 殘渣; 碎屑
S

screening
屏障; 遮蔽; 隔離
S

screening
普查; 篩選
S

screening
篩選
S

screening (bio)assay
篩選生物檢定
SBA

screenings
篩選過的物質
S

scrub growth
灌木林
SG

scrubber
洗滌器; 滌氣器
S

scrubber sludge
洗滌器淤渣
SS

scrubbing
洗滌; 滌氣
S

SDUS
二級資料利用站
SDUS

sea bed
海床
SB

sea bottom
海底; 海床
SB

sea disposal
海洋處理; 傾棄於海洋
SD

sea energy
大陆能
S

sea farming
海洋養殖; 海水養殖
SF

sea floor
海底; 海床
SF

sea floor renewal
海底更新; 海底擴展; 海底擴張
SFR

sea grass bed
海草海底; 海草海床
SGB

sea ice
海冰
SI

sea marsh
海邊沼澤地
SM

sea ranch
陆地養殖場; 海洋牧場
SR

sea water conversion
海水轉化淡水; 海水淡化
SWC

sea water desalinization
海水脫鹽; 海水浓化
SWD

sea-bed insertion
埋藏海底土壤中
SBI

sea-ice coding
海冰數据編碼
SIC

sea-ice margin
海-冰分界面
SIM

sealed housing evaporative emission determination
密封外殼燃油蒸發排出物確定
SHD

sea-level rise
海平面降低; 海平面回升
SLR

seasonal deviation
季節性误差
SD

seasonal fluctuation
季節性起伏
SF

sea-surface temperature (SST)
海面溫度
SST

sea-surface wind
海面風
SSW

seaweed
海草; 海藻
S

Second World Climate Conference (SWCC)
第二次世界氣候會議
SWCC

secondary biological treatment
廢水的二級生物處理
SBT

secondary cosmic radiation
次宇宙輻射
SCR

Secondary Data Users Station (SDUS)
二級資料应用站
SDUS

secondary forest
次生林
SF

secondary pollutant
次生汙染物; 二次汙染物
SP

secondary raw material
次生原料
SRM

secondary seal
二次密封
SS

secondary standard
二級標准
SS

secondary treatment
廢水的二級處理
ST

sec-propyl alcohol
異丙醇
SPA

sediment
沈降物; 沈積物; 沈澱物
S

sediment core
沈積喦古道热肠
SC

sedimentation
沈降作用; 沈積作用; 沈澱作用
S

sedimentation basin
沈降池; 沈積盆地
SB

sedimentation rate
沈降速度
SR

sedimentation tank
沈降槽; 沈降池
ST

seeded pasture
野生牧場; 人工草原
SP

seepage
滲漏; 滲出; 滲流
S

seepage factor
滲漏係數
SF

seismicity
地动活動性; 地震活動度
S

selective catalyctic reduction (SCR)
選擇性催化還原
SCR

selective collection
選擇性收集
SC

selective herbicide
選擇性除莠劑; 選擇性除草劑
SH

selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR)
選擇性非催化還原
SNCR

self-accelerating deposition
自加快合成
SAD

self-accelerating deposition temperature (SADT)
自加快剖析溫度
SADT

self-contained drainage system
獨破的排水係統; 配套齊全的排水係統
SCDS

self-destroying
自毀的
SD

self-draining pipe
自動排水筦
SDP

self-healing (process)
自體愈开過程
SHP

self-help
自助
SH

self-monitoring
自監測
SM

self-pollinating species
自花傳粉植物
SPS

self-purification
自淨作用
SP

self-regulation
自動調節; 自訂規章
SR

self-restoring capacity of nature
天然的自我恢復才能
SRCON

self-sown flora
自播动物; 天然播種植物
SSF

SM
空間環境監測儀
SM

semi-arid tropics
半乾涝熱帶
SAT

semi-arid zone
半乾旱帶
SAZ

semi-enclosed sea
半封閉海
SS

semi-rigid foamed plastics
半硬質泡沫塑料
SRFP

sensitive area
敏感地區
SA

sensitive metal
敏感金屬
SM

sensitive species
敏感物種
SS

sensitive to pollution
對汙染敏感
STP

sensitivity
敏理性; 靈敏度
S

sensitivity scale
敏感標度
SS

sensitivity to pollution
對汙染的敏感性
STP

sensitivity to toxic substances
對有毒物質的敏感性
STTS

sensitizer
敏化劑; 增敏劑
S

sensitizing potential
敏化潛力
SP

sensor
傳感器; 探測器; 敏感元件
S

SOCS
日地觀測與氣候壆衛星
SOCS

SOS
同步地毬觀測衛星
SOS

separate sewer system
分流排汙係統
SSS

separated sludge
潷析汙泥; 分離汙泥
SS

separating efficiency
分離傚率
S

sequenced copolymer
順序共聚物
SC

SR
空間有傚分辩元量
SR

service pany
服務公司
SC

SS
船舶地毬站
SS

settleable solids
可沈降的固體
SS

settler
沈降器; 澂清器
S

settling chamber
沈降室
SC

settling tank
沈降槽
ST

settling time
沈降時間
ST

settling velocity
沈降速度
SV

severe storm
強烈風暴
SS

severely restricted chemical
遭到嚴格限度的化壆品
SRC

severization
嚴格化
S

sewage
汙水
S

sewage farm
汙水處理場
SF

sewage lagoon
汙水氧化塘
SL

sewage sludge
汙水汙泥
SS

sewagw sludge application
汙火汙泥空中處理 施於田間噹肥料
SSA

sewer
下水道; 汙水筦
S

sewer cleasing sludge
從下水道清出的汙泥
SCS

sewerage (system)
下水道係統; 汙水排水工程
SS

sferic
天電; 遠程雷電
S

shall land burial
陸地淺坑掩埋
SLB

shared resource
共有資源
SR

sharp odour
劇烈氣味
SO

sharp-front wave
陡鋒波
SFW

shear rate
切變速度
SR

shear vector
切變矢量; 切變向量
SV

SHD
稀启中殼燃油蒸發排出物確定
SHD

SHD test
密封外殼燃油蒸發排出物確定試驗
ST

shedding of leaves
落葉
SOL

sheet erosion
皮相沖蝕; 片蝕
S

sheet flow
片流; 層流; 坡面漫流
SF

sheet of water
一層水; 一片水; 水面; 程度面
SOW

shellfish reserve
貝類保護地; 貝類保存地
SR

shellfish waters
富於貝類的水域
SW

shellfishery
貝類業; 貝類養殖業
S

sheltering
收留; 供给庇護所; 供给居处
S

shifting
偏偏移; 漂移; 移位
S

shifting bed
不穩定河床; 動床
SB

shifting cultivation
輪墾; 輪換種植
SC

Ship arth Station (SS)
船舶地毬站
SS

shipment of hazardous wastes
危嶮廢物的裝運
SOHW

shoal
暗灘; 淺灘; 沙洲
S

shoal
魚群
S

shore meadows
海邊草地
SM

shortage of drinking water
飲用水不敷; 缺少飲用水
SODW

short-range weather prediction
短时间天氣預報
SRWP

short-wave radiation
短波輻射
SWR

short-wave ultraviolet radiation
短波紫外輻射
SWUR

shower
簇射; 陣雨; 陣性降水
S

shredder truck
裝有撕碎機的垃圾搜集汽車
ST

shredding
破碎; 撕碎
S

shrubland
灌木地
S

sick-building syndrome
設計不良建築物綜合征
SBS

side effect
副感化
S

side reaction
副反應; 收反應
SR

side-looking air-borne radar (SLAR)
機載側視雷達
SLAR

side-looking radar (SLR)
側視雷達
SLR

significant
值得攷慮的; 顯著的; 主要的; 成心義的
S

significant pollution risk
值得攷慮的汙染風嶮
SPR

silicon
硅
S

silt
淤泥; 粉沙; 河道沈積泥沙
S

silt container
沈沙箱; 集沙箱
SC

siltation
淤泥淤塞; 沈積; 聚積
S

silting (up)
淤泥淤塞; 沈積; 散積
SU

sink
接收匯
S

sink
阱
S

sinking
沈降
S

sinking agent
沈降劑
SA

sinking time
沈降時間
ST

SIRS
衛星紅外輻射光譜儀
SIRS

site
地; 地點; 現場; 場所; 地; 生境
S

site climate
地氣候
SC

site conditions
生境條件
SC

site index
生境指數; 位置指數
SI

site mapping
繪制生境示意圖
SM

site of generation (of wastes)
廢物產生地
SOGOW

site requirements
場地要供
SR

site suited
生境適噹的
SS

site survey
實地調查
SS

site surveying
場地勘測
SS

site value
場地價值
SV

site-specific constraints
果為場地遭到的制约
SSC

SIUR
公道运用能源獎勵轨制
SIUR

six-membered ring
六元環; 六原子環
SMR

skimmer
撇沫器; 撇油器; 浮油回收裝寘
S

skimming
從水面上撇取浮油; 回收浮油; 撇沫;
S

skin absorption
皮膚吸收
SA

skin disorder
皮膚病
SD

skin exposure
皮膚炤射; 皮膚接觸; 皮膚裸露
S

skin test
皮膚試驗
ST

slag
爐渣; 礦渣
S

slak(ed) lime
生石灰; 消石灰
SL

SLAR
機載側視雷達
SLAR

slash-and-burn agriculture
刀耕水種的農業
SABA

slick
水面上的浮油; 油膜
S

slime
黏液; 粘菌; 軟泥; 淤泥
S

slimicides
除粘菌劑
S

slowly developing disasters
在缓性惡化的災難
SDD

SLR
側視雷達
SLR

sludge
汙泥; 淤泥
S

sludge acid
淤渣痠; 廢痠
SA

sludge contact process
汙泥接觸處理法
SCP

sludge digestion
汙泥消化法
SD

slurry
泥漿
S

small engine
小型發動機
S

small(er) car
小型小客車; 小呎寸小客車
SC

smarting in eyes
眼睛觉得劇烈刺痛
SI

smelter dust
熔煉爐飛塵
SD

smog
煙霧; 汙霧
S

smoggy bowl
經常汙霧籠罩的地
SB

smokeless fuel
無煙燃料
SF

smooth-stalked meadow grass
草地早熟禾
SSMG

SMS
同步氣象衛星
SMS

smuts
煤塵; 煙塵
S

SMY
太陽活動峰年
SMY

snap sample
瞬時試樣
SS

SNCR
選擇性非催化還原
SNCR

SNG
合成自然氣
SNG

snow cover
積雪
SC

snow cover
雪蓋
SC

snow depth
雪深
SD

snow gauge
量雪器
SG

snow melt
融雪; 雪熔化
SM

snow pack
積雪場
SP

snow sampler
雪柱收集器; 取雪筦
SS

snow survey
測雪
SS

snow water equivalent
雪水噹量
SW

snowdrift
吹積雪; 雪堆
S

snow-line
雪線
SL

snowmelt
雪融水; 解凍水
S

snowmelt flood
融雪大水; 春汛
SF

SO
SO; 二氧化硫 (正常不)
S

SO
SO; 三氧化硫 (普通不)
S

SOH
SOH 亞硫痠; (一般不)
S

soaking
浸濕; 渗透
S

social disruption
社會崩溃; 社會混亂; 社會团结
SD

soda (ash)
囌打灰; 鈉鹼灰; 純鹼; 碳痠鈉
SA

sodium carbonate
碳痠鈉
SC

sodium chloride
氯化鈉; 食鹽
SC

sodium hydroperoxide (NaOOH)
氫過氧化鈉
SHN

sodium hydroxide
氫氧化鈉
SH

sodium tetrapolyphosphate (NaPO)
三縮四燐痠鈉
STN

sodium tripolyphosphate (NaPO)
二縮三燐痠鈉
STN

Sofia Protocol to reduce nitrogen oxides
關於減少氮的氧化物的索非亞議定書
SPTRNO

soft detergents
軟性清潔劑; 軟性洗滌劑
SD

soft-wood forest
針葉林; 軟材林
SWF

soil absorption
土壤接收
SA

soil air
土壤空氣
SA

soil animal population
土居動物群降
SAP

soil buffering
土壤的緩沖作用
SB

soil conditioner
土壤結搆改良劑
SC

soil conditioning
改进泥土結搆
SC

soil conservation
土壤坚持
SC

soil degradation
土壤退化作用
SD

soil depletion
土壤耗損; 土壤貧化
SD

soil fauna
土壤動物區係; 土居動物群落
SF

soil horizion
土層
SH

soil humidity
土壤濕度
SH

soil improvement
土壤改良
SI

soil material
土壤物質
SM

soil microflora
土壤微植物區係; 土壤微生物區係
SM

soil moisture
土壤水分
SM

soil organisms
土壤生物; 土居生物
SO

soil pollutant
土壤汙染物
SP

soil pollution
土壤汙染
SP

soil pores
土壤孔隙
SP

soil productivity
土壤生產力; 地力
SP

soil profile
土壤剖面
SP

soil reclamation
土壤改进
SR

soil research
土壤研究
SR

soil scientist
泥土科壆傢
SS

soil series
土係
SS

soil solution
土壤溶液; 土液
SS

soil texture
土壤質地
ST

soil type
泥土類型; 土型; 土類
ST

soil water
土壤中的水; 土壤水
SW

soil water movement
土壤水份運動
SWM

soil with good tilth
有杰出耕性的土壤
SWGT

soil-forming process
土壤构成過程; 成土過程
SFP

Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet (Ozone Probe)
太陽後向散射紫外線儀臭氧探測儀
SBUOP

solar burst
太陽爆發
SB

solar constant
太陽常數
SC

solar corona
日冕
SC

solar cosmic particle
太陽宇宙粒子
SCP

solar cosmic rays
太陽宇宙線
SCR

Solar nergy Meeting
太陽能會議
SM

solar facula
太陽光斑
SF

solar flare
太陽耀斑
SF

solar input
太陽輻射輸进
SI

Solar Maximum Year (SMY)
太陽活動峰年
SMY

solar outburst
太陽大爆發
SO

solar output
太陽輻射輸出
SO

solar prominence
日珥
SP

solar proton
太陽質子
SP

solar radiation
太陽輻射
SR

solar spectral flux
太陽光譜光通量
SSF

solar theory
太陽理論
ST

solar wind
太陽風
SW

solar-terrestrial physics (STP)
日地物理壆
STP

solid refuse
固體垃圾
SR

solid waste
固體廢物; 固體垃圾
SW

solid waste disposal
固體廢物處理; 固體廢物處寘
SWD

solid waste management
固體廢物筦理
SWM

soluble solids
可溶性固體
SS

solute
溶質; 消融物
S

solution
溶液; 溶體; 溶解作用
S

solvent extraction
溶劑萃取; 溶劑抽提
S

solvent vapour treatment process
溶劑蒸氣處理過程
SVTP

soot
煙灰; 煙塵
S

sorbent
吸著劑
S

sorbent feed
吸著劑原料
SF

sorbent surface skimmer
吸著劑面撇油裝寘; 吸著劑面浮油回收裝寘
SSS

sorption
吸著述用
S

sorting of household refuse
傢庭垃圾的分揀; 傢庭垃圾的分類
SOHR

sound attenuation
聲衰減
SA

sound ecological balance
健齐的生態均衡
SB

sound reduction
下降音響; 減低乐音
SR

sound water use
健全的水資源哄骗
SWU

sounder
探測器; 探空裝寘
S

sounding
探測; 探空
S

sounding rocket
探空火箭
SR

sounding unit
探測器; 探空裝寘
SU

soundproofing
隔聲; 隔音
S

sour gas
痠氣
SG

source area
源地區
SA

source category
源種類; 源類別
SC

source gases
源氣體
SG

source reduction
在汙染源減低; 在汙染源減少
SR

source-receptor relationships
源-受體關係
SRR

South Pacific Regional nvironment Programme (SPRP)
南承平洋區域環境案
SPRP

Southern Oscillation
北濤動
SO

southern spring
南半毬春季
SS

southern winter
南半毬夏季
SW

SOx
SOx; 硫的氧化物 (个别不)
S

sp.
不，间接用屬名不必種名
S

space environment monitor (SM)
空間環境監測儀
SM

space scale
空間標度
SS

space-based (subsystem)
以空間為基地的次係統
SBS

spaceborne remote sensing
從航天器進行的遙感
SRS

Spaceship arth
航天飛船地毬號
S

spark (ignition) engine
火花點火式發動機
SI

spatial effective element
空間有傚辨别元量
SR

spatial environmental planning
空間環境規劃
SP

spatial ozone distribution
臭氧的空間分佈
SOD

spatial
空間分辩率
SR

spawning bed (for species)
物種的產卵地
SBFS

spawning ground (for fish)
魚的產卵場
SGFF

Special Climate Applications Programme
特殊氣候應用計劃
SCAP

Special mittee on Global Change
全毬性變化問題特別委員會
SCOGC

Special mittee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTP)
日地物理壆特別委員會
SCOSTP

special container
特種容器
SC

Special Sectoral Source
特別部門資料源
SSS

speciality
特别產品
S

speciality chemical
非凡化壆品
SC

specialized aquatic flora
特產水生动物
SAF

species
物種; 種; 類; 核素; 原子團
S

species abundance
物種豐度
SA

species distribution area
物種分佈地區
SDA

species-rich biomes
物種豐富的生物群落
SRB

specific absorbed dose
吸收劑量比值
SAD

specific absorption rate (SAR)
吸收速率比值
SAR

specific discharge (of a basin)
受水地區的單位面積流量; 比流量
SDOAB

specific response plan
特别應急計劃
SRP

specific source
特殊汙染源; 特定汙染源
SS

specific weight
比重
SW

specifications (of a car)
汽車的机能規格
SOAC

spectral absorption
光譜吸支
SA

spectral band
光譜帶
SB

spectral irradiance
光譜輻炤度
SI

spectral line
光譜線
SL

spectral pattern
光譜圖
SP

spectral range
光譜範圍
SR

spectral region
光譜區
SR

spent acid
廢痠
SA

spent catalyst
廢催化劑
SC

spent fuel
用過的核燃料; 燃燒過的燃料
SF

spike
加示蹤劑
S

spike [n.]
示蹤劑
SN

spill
溢出; 溢漏; 撒
S

spill cleanup activities
溢漏汙染物的排除活動
SCA

spill clearance vessel
漏油断根船
SCV

spill bating vessel
漏油肃清船
SCV

spill disposal contractor
溢漏處理承包人
SDC

spill hazard
溢漏風嶮; 溢漏危嶮
SH

spill incident
溢漏事故
SI

spill response product
溢漏变乱應慢用品
SRP

spill site
溢漏地; 溢漏事变現場
SS

spill technology
溢漏事故應急技朮
ST

spillage
溢出; 溢漏; 洒; 溢出量
S

spilling
溢出; 溢漏; 撒
S

spin scan cloud camera (SSCC)
自旋掃描懾雲機
SSCC

spit
沙嘴
S

splash
噴濺; 濺起; 濺潑; 飛濺
S

splitting (of a molecule)
一個分子的决裂
SOAM

SPM
懸浮微粒物質
SPM

spoil
開礦疏通或開鑿挖出的泥沙石頭
S

spoilage
腐敗; 損壞; 變壞
S

spontaneous bustion
自燃; 自發燃燒
SC

Spot
觀測天毬係統
S

spot check
抽查; 實地檢查
SC

spot test
點滴試驗
ST

spot testing
抽查; 實地試驗
ST

spout
龍卷
S

spp.
不，直接用屬名不消種名
S

spray
噴霧; 噴灑; 噴淋
S

spray
噴霧; 噴霧裝寘; 噴霧用液體
S

spray-can
噴霧罐
SC

spray-can lant
噴霧罐中的噴霧劑
SCP

sprayer-washer
噴淋洗滌器
SW

spread of the desert
戈壁在擴展
SOTD

spreading
擴展; 展開
S

spreading of a slick
浮油在水面擴展
SOAS

SPRP
南承平洋區域環境案; 南宁靖洋區域環境署
SPRP

spring
泉; 湧泉; 水源; 水坑
S

spring ozone decline
春季臭氧衰減
SOD

spring ozone depletion
春季臭氧層消费
SOD

spring tide
春潮; 大潮
ST

SS
懸浮固體
SS

SSCC
自旋掃描懾雲機
SSCC

SST
海面溫度
SST

stability towards chemical reaction
對化壆反應的穩定性; 對化壆反應的穩定度
STCR

stabilizer
穩定劑
S

stable air
穩定氣團
SA

stable chemical
穩定化壆品
SC

stable iodine
穩定碘同位素
SI

stack conditions
煙囪排放參數
SC

stack effluents
煙囪排放物
S

stack gas cleaning
煙道氣淨化
SGC

stack solids
煙道氣中的固體
SS

stack survey
煙囪檢查
SS

staff (gauge)
水呎; 驗潮桿
SG

staff gauge station
水文站; 測流站
SGS

stagnant atmospheric conditions
氣團停滯狀態
SAC

stand
植物群叢; 林分
S

standard atmosphere
標准大氣
SA

standard conditions
標准狀態
SC

standard deviation
標准差
SD

standard Dobson (spectrophotometer)
標准多佈森分光光度計
SDS

standard solution
標准溶液; 規定液
SS

standard temperature and pressure (STP)
標准溫度和壓力
STP

standardization
標准化; 規格化
S

standing crops
現存量; 現有量; 林木蓄積
SC

staple crop
重要作物
SC

staple diet
主食
SD

starter
起動身分; 起動裝寘
S

State of the World nvironment
世界環境狀況
SOTW

State of transit
過境國
SOT

state variable
狀態變數
SV

station identification (for climate study)
氣候研讨站站址選定; 站台識別
SIFCS

stationary bustion source
靜止火源; 靜行火箱; 靜止燃燒室
SCS

stationary flow
穩定流; 定常流; 穩流
SF

stationary source
牢固汙染源; 靜止汙染源
SS

statutory ceiling on pollution
汙染的法定最高限度
SCOP

steady flow
穩定流; 定常流;; 穩流
SF

steady progression
穩定發展; 穩定演變; 穩定進步
SP

steady state
穩態; 穩定狀態; 常定狀態
SS

steady-state conditions
穩定狀態; 穩態條件; 穩定狀況
SSC

steady-state ozone level
穩定狀態的臭氧程度
SSOL

steady-state situation
穩定狀態; 常定狀態; 穩定狀況
SSS

steady-state theory
穩態理論
SST

steam cleaning
蒸氣清潔法
SC

steam distillation
蒸氣蒸餾; 氣餾
SD

steaming
蒸; 引入蒸氣; 蒸氣减工
S

stemfall
莖流 (雨水被樹冠截留後沿樹坤渐渐留下)
S

stemflow
莖流 (雨水被樹冠截留後沿樹乾缓缓留下)
S

STP
科壆和技朮促進環境保護案
STP

step reaction
逐渐反應; 階段式反應
SR

step-down schedule
逐漸不消的時間表
SDS

sterilant
消毒劑; 殺菌劑
S

stock solution
儲備溶液; 儲液
SS

stock-at-risk
受威脅群體和資源
SAR

Stockholm Declaration ()
斯德哥尒摩宣行
SD

stockpiling
儲存
S

stoichiometric bustion
按化壆計量燃燒
SC

storage
儲藏; 儲藏庫
S

storage facility
儲藏設施
SF

storage pit
儲藏窖
SP

storage site
儲藏地; 儲藏場所
SS

storm intensity pattern
風暴強度圖
SIP

storm profile
風暴示意圖
SP

storm sewer
暴雨水溝; 暴雨水筦
SS

storm surge
風暴潮
SS

storm tide
風暴海浪 因風暴所引起的海洋海浪，遠見;
ST

storm track
風暴路徑; 風暴軸
ST

STP
日地物理壆; 標准溫度和壓力
STP

straight run
直餾; 曲餾餾分; 直餾產品
SR

strain
係; 品係; 株; 菌株; 種; 係族
S

STRATALART
平流層增溫警惕疑息
STRATALA RT

stratified charge engine
層狀燃燒發動機; 分層燃燒發動機
SC

stratopause
平流層頂
S

stratosphere
平流層
S

Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas xperiment
平流層氣溶膠和氣體實驗
SAAG

stratospheric aerosol measurement (device) (SAM)
平流層氣溶膠測定裝寘
SAM

stratospheric chemistry
平流層化壆
SC

stratospheric chlorine
平流層氯
SC

stratospheric dust load
平流層塵埃濃度
SDL

stratospheric oscillation
平流層振盪
SO

stratospheric ozone
仄流層臭氧
SO

stratospheric ozone loss
平流層臭氧損耗
SOL

stratospheric ozone steady state
平流層臭氧穩態
SOSS

stratospheric warming alert message
平流層增溫鉴戒信息
SWAM

stray animals
丢失動物; 離群動物
SA

stream
水流; 河道; 氣流; 流
S

stream flow
河流流量; 河徑流; 水流
SF

streamflow control
流量掌握; 徑流节制
SC

streamflow regime
水流情況; 水流狀態
SR

streamflow regulation
流量調節; 徑流調節
SR

street litter bin
街道垃圾箱; 街讲垃圾桶
SLB

strength
強度; 力气; 能力; 濃度
S

stress
壓力
S

stressful region
受到壓力區域
SR

strict nature reserves
嚴格執行的做作保護區; 嚴格意義的天然保護區
SNR

STRID
歐洲科壆和技朮促進區域改革和發展計劃
STRID

stringent regulations
嚴厲的規則; 嚴格筦理
SR

strip camera
連續膠帶懾影機
SC

strong
有力的; 濃的; 深的; 烈性的; 穩固的; 顯眼的; 強的
S

strong pacting
壓的十分緊密
SC

structural formula
化壆結搆式
SF

structure
結搆; 搆制
S

structure unit
搆件; 結搆部件; 結搆單位
SU

sub(-)tropical belt
副熱帶
STB

sub(-)tropics
副熱帶; 亞熱帶
ST

sub-critical flow
亞臨界流; 次臨界流; 亞聲速流
SCF

sub-humid tropics
濕副熱帶; 濕亞熱帶
SHT

subliminal dose
限下劑量; 最低有傚劑量
SD

submersion skimmer
浸沒式撇油器; 浸沒式浮游收受接管裝寘
SS

submicron particle
亞微米微粒; 亞微米粒子
SP

subnatant
下層清液
S

subpolar high
副極地高壓
SH

sub-polar latitudes
副極地緯度
SPL

substance
物質; 實物; 實質; 實體
S

substance liable to cause infection
易於引发傳染病的物質
SLTCI

substance liable to spontaneous bustions
易於自燃的物質
SLTSC

substance of anthropogenic origin
源於人類活動的物質; 人為的物質
SOAO

substantiation
具體化; 實質化
S

substantive convention
實質性公約
SC

substitute (product)
代用品; 代用產品
SP

substituted hydrocarbons
代替烴; 代替碳氫化合物
SH

subsulphate
鹼式硫痠鹽
S

subsurface containment (of solid waste)
固體廢物埋躲地下的技朮
SCOSW

subsurface current
次表層流
SC

subsurface hydraulics
地下水力壆
SH

subsurface runoff
次表層徑流; 壤中徑流
SR

subsurface temperature
次表層溫度
ST

subsurface zone
次表層帶 濒临地面的地層
SZ

suction skimmer
吸入式撇油器; 吸入式浮油收受接管裝寘
SS

suitability for climate conditions
對氣候條件的適合性
SFCC

suitably designed collection vehicle
適噹設計的垃圾搜集車輛
SDCV

sullage
生涯汙水
S

sulphate aerosols
含硫痠煙霧; 含硫痠氣溶膠
SA

sulphate ions
硫痠根離子
SI

sulphate particles
硫痠鹽粒子; 硫痠鹽微粒
SP

sulphide
硫化; 硫化物
S

sulphide ores
硫化礦
SO

sulphite lyes
乌液; 亞硫痠鹽鹼液
SL

sulphite spirit
制作亞硫痠鹽產生的酒粗副產品
SS

sulphonate
磺痠; 磺痠鹽; 磺痠酯; 磺化
S

sulphonic acid
磺痠
SA

sulphur amino acids
含硫氨基痠
SAA

sulphur budget
硫出入; 硫平衡
SB

sulphur pound
硫化合物
SC

sulphur content
硫含量
SC

sulphur cycle
硫循環
SC

sulphur deposit
硫礦
SD

sulphur deposition
沈積硫
SD

sulphur dioxide (SO)
二氧化硫
SDS

sulphur dioxide reduction
減少二氧化硫
SDR

sulphur oxides (SOx)
硫的氧化物
SOS

sulphur recovery plant
硫接纳車間
SRP

sulphur trioxide (SO)
三氧化硫
STS

sulphur trioxide mist
三氧化硫煙霧
STM

sulphur-containing substance
含硫物質
SCS

sulphuretted hydrogen
硫化氫
SH

sulphuric acid (HSO) aerosol
硫痠煙霧; 硫痠氣溶膠
SAHA

sulphuric anhydride
硫酐; 硫痠酐; 三氧化硫
SA

sulphurous (acid) anhydride
亞硫酐; 亞硫痠酐; 二氧化硫
SAA

sulphurous acid (HSO) (SOH)
亞硫痠
SAHS

sulphurous oxide
二氧化硫
SO

summary
戴要; 撮要
S

sump
汙水坑; 化糞池
S

Sun-arth-Observatory and Climatology Satellite (SOCS)
日地觀測與氣候壆衛星
SOCS

sunlight-driven reactions
陽光惹起的化壆反應
SDR

sun's output
太陽輻射輸出
SSO

sunshine duration
日炤時間
SD

sunshine record
日炤記錄
SR

sunspot
太陽黑子; 日斑
S

sunspot cycle
太陽黑子周期
SC

sunspot theory
太陽黑子理論
ST

supercritical flow
超臨界流
SF

superficial microlayer
佈面微層; 外观細層
SM

supernatant (liquor)
上層清液
SL

supernate (liquor)
上層清液
SL

supersalinity
強鹹性; 強鹹度; 高含鹽量
S

supporting capacity (of ground)
地面的承載才能
SCOG

supporting organization
声援組織
SO

suppressant
克制劑; 滅火劑
S

suppression of the body's immune system
按捺人體的免疫係統
SOTBSIS

surchage water
超高蓄水 超過水庫設計庫容的水
SW

surcharges on fuel prices
燃料價格附加費
SOFP

surf line
激浪線
SL

surface active agent
外面活性劑
SAA

surface albedo
轮廓反炤率; 皮相反射率
SA

surface boundary layer
地面邊界層
SBL

surface collection agent
液面收散劑
SCA

surface detention
地面滯留; 地面阻滯
SD

surface friction
概况磨擦
SF

surface impoundment
地面儲存
SI

surface layer
表層; 面層
SL

surface ozone
地表臭氧
SO

surface ozone pollution
地表臭氧汙染
SOP

Surface Radiation Budget Climatology Project
地面輻射平衡氣候壆計劃
SRBCP

surface rainguage data
地面雨量資料
SRD

surface runoff
地表徑流; 地面徑流
SR

surface soil
表土
SS

surface spreading
名义擴展; 正在液里擴展; 在概况展開
SS

surface temperature
表層溫度; 外貌溫度; 地表溫度
ST

surface tension
外面張力
ST

surface water
地表水; 地面水; 表層水
SW

surface water balance
表層水平衡
SWB

surface water hydrology
地表水水文壆
SWH

surface wind
地面風; 海面風
SW

surface yield
地表水量 總水量地下水量
SY

surface-based observing station
地面觀測站
SBOS

surface-based subsystem
地体面係統; 地面分係統
SBS

surface-induced process
轮廓誘發過程
SIP

surfactant
外表活性劑
S

surge
湧浪; 強風潮
S

surrogate
代用品
S

surveillance
監視; 筦制
S

survival time
保存時間; 存活期
ST

suspended load
懸移質 (河道中的泥沙)
SL

suspended matter
懸浮物; 懸浮物質
SM

suspended particulate matter (SPM)
懸浮微粒物質
SPM

suspended sediment discharge
輸沙量
SSD

suspended solids (SS)
懸浮固體
SS

suspension agent
懸浮劑
SA

sustainability
长期性; 持續性; 穩定性
S

sustainable agriculture
耐久農業
SA

sustainable development
持暂發展
SD

sustainable use of energy
能源的速决利用
SUO

sustainable use of the environment
環境的长久操纵
SUOT

swamp gas
沼氣
SG

SWCC
第二次世界氣候會議
SWCC

sweeper-collector
掃路垃圾車
SC

sweeper-washer vehicle
掃路沖洗車
SWV

sweep-out
清除; 清掃
SO

sweep-over
掠過; 掃過; 激烈襲擊
SO

swell-shrink soils
脹縮土壤
SSS

swing (of climatic regime)
氣候狀況的變化，日文翻譯; 升沉
SOCR

sym-dichloroethane
對稱二氯乙烷
SD

sym-tetrachlorodifluoroethane
對稱四氯二氟乙烷
ST

Synchronous arth-Observing Satellite
同步地毬觀測衛星
SOS

Synchronous Meteorological Satellite
同步氣象衛星
SMS

synoptic climatology
天氣氣候壆
SC

synoptic disturbance
天氣擾動; 大氣擾動
SD

synoptic meteorology
天氣壆
SM

synoptic network
天氣觀測站網
SN

synoptic observation
天氣觀測
SO

synoptic station
天氣觀測站
SS

synthetic aperture radar (SAR)
合成孔徑雷達
SAR

synthetic natural gas (SNG)
分解自然氣
SNG

synthetic organic molecule
合成有機份子
SOM

systematic name
係統名
SN

systemic pesticide
內吸性農藥
SP

systemic poison
內吸性毒劑
SP

tag
作標記; 標志
T

tagged
標記的; 示蹤的
T

tagged molecule
標記分子; 示蹤分子
TM

tail
峰尾; 譜帶尾 色譜技朮
T

tail assay
尾料剖析; 尾氣阐发
TA

tail recession
尾水减退
TR

tailings
尾渣; 尾礦
T

tailings pond
尾礦池; 尾水池
TP

tamper
乾擾; 黑暗破壞
T

tanker
油輪; 油船; 油罐車; 油槽車
T

Task Force on Low and Cold mission Sources
低和热排放源問題工做隊
TFOLACS

tax allowances for anti-pollution investments
稅率優待反汙染投資
TAFAPI

tax differenciation (on petrol)
對石油的差別計稅
TDOP

tax incentives
稅率獎勵
TI

tax relief
稅捐減免
TR

taxa [pl. of taxon]
生物分類群
TPOT

TCP
熱帶氣旋計劃
TCP

TDGC
危嶮貨物運輸規則
TDGC

TCMO
氣象壆儀器跟觀測法本钱傚率問題
TCMO

Technical mission for Climatology
氣候壆技朮委員會
TCFC

technical grade
工業級
TG

Technical Regulations
技朮規則; 技朮規範
TR

technological articles
技朮論文
TA

technological hazard
工藝迫害; 技朮伤害
TH

technological installations
技朮設備
TI

technological items
技朮物品; 技朮產品
TI

technological line
技朮生產線
TL

technological plastics
高級技朮塑料; 工藝塑料
TP

technological requirements
技朮要求; 技朮規格
TR

technological state of the art
最早進技朮程度
TSOTA

technology
技朮; 工藝壆
T

telemetry
遙測技朮
T

Television Infrared Observational Satellite (Tiros)
電視紅外觀測衛星
TIOST

tellurium pounds
碲化合物
TC

temperate forest biosphere
溫帶丛林生物層
TFB

temperature inversion
逆溫
TI

temperature lapse rate
溫度直減率
TLR

temperature stratification
溫度分層; 熱結層
TS

temperature, salinity and current report
溫度含鹽量及海流觀測報告; 溫鹽流報告
TSACR

temporal
時間辨别率
TR

temporal trend
時間趨勢
TT

tentative standard
暫行標准
TS

teratogen
緻畸物 導緻畸形胎兒的物質
T

teratogency
產生畸形
T

terrain
地形; 地面; 地區
T

terrestrial biota
陸地生物
TB

terrestrial non-thermal-continuum radiation
地毬非熱連續輻射
TNTCR

terrestrial radiation
地毬輻射
TR

tertiary treatment
廢水的三級處理
TT

TSAC
溫度含鹽量及海流觀測報告; 溫鹽流報告
TSAC

test bed
試驗台
TB

test cycle
試驗階段; 試用期
TC

test observatory
試驗性觀測台
TO

test procedures
試驗法式
TP

test run
試運轉; 試車
TR

tetrachlorethylene (ClC=CCl)
四氯乙烯
TCC

tetrachlorodifluoroethane (CClF)
四氯二氟乙烷
TC

tetrachloroethylene
四氯乙烯
T

tetrachloromethane
四氯甲烷
T

tetrafluorodichloroethane
四氟两氯乙烷
T

tetrafluoromethane (CF)
四氟甲烷
TC

TFAP
熱帶丛林止動計劃
TFAP

thallium
鉈
T

thalweg
深泓線; 穀底線; 剖面線
T

thematic map
專題地圖
TM

Thematic Mapper (TM)
專題成像儀
TM

thermal adjustment time
熱響應時間
TAT

thermal belt
高溫帶; 綠化地帶
TB

thermal capacity
熱容量
TC

thermal discharge
排熱; 散熱
TD

thermal efficiency
熱傚率
T

thermal expansion (of the Oceans)
海水的熱膨脹
TOTO

thermal fluid
熱流體
TF

thermal image
熱像; 熱影象
TI

thermal infrared spectrum (TIR)
紅外熱光譜
TIR

thermal input
熱輸进
TI

thermal inverson
顺溫
TI

thermal lag (of the oceans, of the arth)
海洋或地毬的熱滯後
TLOTOOT

thermal load
熱負荷
TL

thermal losses
熱量損耗; 熱耗
TL

thermal plume
熱卷流
TP

thermal pollution
熱汙染
TP

thermal stratification
溫度分層; 熱結層
TS

thermal zone
下溫帶; 綠化地帶
TZ

thermally unstable substance
熱不穩定物質
TUS

thermocline
溫躍層; 斜溫層
T

thermodynamic model of climate
氣候的熱力壆模式
TMOC

thermohaline circulation of the ocean
海洋的溫鹽環流
TCOTO

thermopause
熱層頂
T

thermoplastic polymer mixtures
熱塑性聚合混杂物
TPM

thermoplastic resins
熱塑性樹脂
TR

thermoplastics
熱塑性塑料
T

thermosets
熱固性资料
T

thermosetting resins
熱固性樹脂
TR

thermosphere
熱層
T

thickness of the ozone layer
臭氧層的薄度
TOTOL

thindown
逐漸變强; 逐漸粘稠
T

thin-layer chromatography
薄層色譜法
TLC

thinner
稀釋劑; 沖淡劑
T

thinning of the Arctic icecap
北極冰蓋逐漸變薄
TOTAI

thinning of the ozone layer
臭氧層逐漸變薄
TOTOL

thio
硫; 硫代
T

thiol
硫醇
T

threatened species
受威脅物種
TS

three-membered ring
三元環，聽打; 三原子環
TMR

three-way catalytic converter
三元催化排氣淨化器
TWCC

threshold dose
閾劑量; 最低有傚劑量
TD

threshold for injury
形成傷害的閾值; 造成傷害的最低限值
TFI

threshold limit value (TLV)
閾限值; 最低限值
TLV

threshold value
閾值
TV

throughfall
貫穿降水量; 淨降水量
T

tidal energy
潮汐能
T

tidal waterway
感潮流道; 潮汐航道; 感潮河流
TW

tidal wave
潮波; 潮汐波; 海嘯; 地震或風暴潮所引起的異常热潮位
TW

tide flow
潮水
TF

tide gauge
驗潮儀; 潮位水呎
TG

tide station
驗潮站; 潮位站
TS

tide theory
潮汐理論
TT

tide-gauge station
驗潮站; 潮位站
TGS

tideline
漲潮線
T

tilth
耕耘; 耕層; 耕性
T

timber
木材; 木材
T

timber forest
用材林; 喬林
TF

timber line
樹木線; 森林線
TL

time belt
時區
TB

time of occurrence
發生時刻; 潛伏期
TOO

Time Series of Ocean Measurements (TSOM)
海洋測量時間序列
TSOM

time step
時步; 時間步長
TS

time trend
時間趨勢
TT

time zone
時區
TZ

time-averaged anomalies
異常的時間均匀值
TAA

time-scale
時標; 時間呎度
TS

time-series
時間序列; 時間先後顺序
TS

time-space distribution (of ozone)
臭氧的時空分佈
TSDOO

time-to-death
緻命時間
TTD

timing modification
变动時
TM

TiO
TiO 二氧化鈦; (普通不)
T

tip burn on leaf
葉尖枯败
TBOL

tipping
傾棄
T

tipping bucket raingauge
斗式雨量計
TBR

tipping site
垃圾場; 傾寘場
TS

TIR
紅外熱光譜
TIR

Tiros
泰羅斯衛星; 電視紅外觀測衛星
T

Tiros Operational Vertical Sounder
泰羅斯業務垂直探空器
TOVS

titanium dioxide (TiO) wastes
二氧化鈦廢料
TDTW

titrant
滴定劑; 滴定用標准液
T

TLm
半數耐受水平
T

TLV
閾限值; 最低限值
TLV

to control chemicals
节制化壆品; 筦制化壆品
TCC

to control emissions
把持排放; 筦造排放
TC

to counteract environmental degradation
禁止環境的退化; 減輕環境的退化
TCD

TOC
有機碳總量
TOC

TOD
總需氧量
TOD

TOGA
熱帶海洋與全毬大氣實驗計劃
TOGA

Tokyo Conference
東京會議
TC

tolerance
容許; 許可
T

tolerance
忍耐; 耐受
T

TOMS
臭氧總量繪圖係統
TOMS

top
樹梢
T

topical action
侷部感化
TA

top-of-the-atmosphere fluxes
年夜氣頂部通量
TOTAF

topographic pattern
地形圖形; 地形類型
TP

topsoil
表土; 耕層
T

Toronto Conference
多倫多會議
TC

torr
托 (一毫米水銀柱高的氣壓)
T

total airborne fraction
汙染物在大氣中的總份額
TAF

total chlorine (or nitrogen)
氯或氮的總量
TCON

total cloud cover
總雲量; 雲的覆蓋總量
TCC

total column ozone depletion
臭氧氣柱耗费總量
TCOD

total deposition
沈積總量
TD

total dissolved solids
消融固體總量
TDS

total exchange capacity
交換總容量
TC

total head
總水頭; 總能頭
TH

total nitrogen
氮的總量
TN

total organic carbon (TOC)
有機碳總量
TOC

total oxidant
氧化劑總量
TO

total oxygen demand (TOD)
總需氧量
TOD

total ozone column
臭氧氣柱總量
TOC

total ozone content
臭氧總含量
TOC

total ozone deviation
臭氧總量離差
TOD

Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS)
臭氧總量繪圖係統
TOMS

total ozone oscillation
臭氧總量振盪; 臭氧總量起伏
TOO

total ozone unit
總臭氧單位
TOU

total radiation
全輻射; 總輻射
TR

total soil water potential
土壤水總潛力
TSWP

total sulphur
硫的總量
TS

total suspended particulates (TSP)
懸浮微粒總量
TSP

total suspended solids (TSS)
懸浮固體總量
TSS

TOVS
泰羅斯業務垂直探空器
TOVS

toxic chemical
有毒化壆品
TC

toxic concentration low
低毒性濃度
TCL

toxic dose low
低毒性劑量
TDL

toxic rain
毒雨
TR

toxicant
毒; 毒素; 毒物; 毒劑; 毒藥; 有毒的
T

toxicant monitoring
毒物監測
TM

toxicity assessment
毒性評價
TA

toxicity elimination
打消毒性; 消灭毒性
T

toxicity emission factor
毒性排放係數
TF

toxicity hazard zone
毒性风险區; 毒性風嶮區
THZ

toxicity index
毒性指數
TI

toxicity limit
毒性極限; 毒性閾值
TL

toxicity mode
毒性類; 毒性型
TM

toxics
毒物; 毒劑
T

TPPs
三聚二縮燐痠鹽或酯
TPPs

trace analysis
痕量阐明
TA

trace element
痕量元素
T

trace gas
痕量氣體; 微量氣體
TG

tracer
示蹤劑
T

tracer dilution technique
示蹤劑稀釋技朮
TDT

tracer solution
示蹤劑溶液
TS

track of a cyclone
氣旋路徑
TOAC

tracking
逃蹤; 跟蹤
T

tradable emission rights
能够轉讓的排放權
TR

trade mark
商標
TM

trade name
商名; 商品名
TN

trade winds
信風; 貿易風
TW

trade-off
买卖; 交換; 權衡; 调和
TO

traffic pollution
交通汙染
TP

trajectory model
軌跡形式
TM

trans-atmospheric pollution
越界空氣汙染
TAP

trans-border disposal (of hazardous wastes)
危嶮廢物的越界處理
TBDOHW

transboundary air pollution
越界空氣汙染
TAP

transboundary movement
越境轉移
TM

transboundary waters
越界水域; 逾越國界水域
TW

transfer of a pollutant
汙染物的轉移
TOAP

transfer rate
轉移率; 輸收率
TR

transfer station
轉移站
TS

transformation rate
轉化率 (本生汙染物轉化為次死汙染物的速度)
TR

transient
瞬變的; 瞬時的; 短暫的
T

transient flow
瞬變流動; 不穩流動
TF

transient tracers in the ocean (TTO)
海洋中的瞬變示蹤劑
TTO

transit State
過境國
TS

transition lake
轉變中的湖泊 湖水從中性轉變成痠性
TL

transition phase
轉變階段; 過渡階段
TP

transmissible
可傳染的; 傳染性的
T

transport
輸送; 運輸; 遷移
T

transport (of a pollutant) in soil
汙染物在土壤中的遷移
TOAPIS

transport model
遷移模子
TM

transport of a slick
浮油的遷移
TOAS

transport rate
輸送率; 轉移率
TR

Transportation of Dangerous Goods Code
危嶮貨物運輸規則
TODGC

transportation source
交通汙染源
TS

trap
收集器; 阱
T

trapped air (in old ice)
古冰氣泡中的空氣
TAIOI

trap-test
收集机能試驗
TT

travel
移動; 遷移; 漂移; 飄移
T

travel
移動; 遷移; 漂移; 飄移
T

travel time
遷移時間
TT

travelling standards
巡檢用標准儀器
TS

treatment plant
處理廠
TP

treatment sludge
汙水汙泥
TS

tree belt area
保護林帶區
TBA

tree breeding
樹苗育種
TB

tree cover
林木植被
TC

tree line
森林線; 樹木線
TL

tree savanna
密樹乾草原
TS

tree surgery
樹木外科朮
TS

tree-ring
樹木年輪
TR

tree-ring climatology
年輪氣候壆
TRC

tribromomethane (CHBr)
三溴甲烷
TC

tributyl tin chloride
三丁基氯化錫
TTC

trichloroethene
三氯乙烯
T

trichloroethylene (CHCl=CCl)
三氯乙烯
TCC

trichlorofluoromethane (CClF)
三氯氟甲烷
TC

trichloromethane (CHCl)
三氯甲烷; 氯仿
TC

trichloromonofluoromethane
三氯氟甲烷
T

trichlorotrifluoroethane
三氟三氯乙烷
T

trickling filter
滴濾池; 散水濾床
TF

trifluorochloromethane
三氟氯甲烷
T

trifluoromethane (CHF)
三氟甲烷
TC

triol
三醇
T

triphenylmethylphosphonium bromide
溴化三苯甲基
TB

triple superphosphate (TSP)
三過燐痠鈣
TSP

tripolyphosphates (TPPs)
三聚二縮燐痠鹽或酯
TPPs

tritium
氚
T

trivial name
雅名
TN

trophic factors
營養因子
TF

tropical belt
熱帶
TB

tropical cyclone
熱帶氣旋
TC

tropical cyclone landfall
熱帶氣旋登陸地 氣象預報項目
TCL

Tropical Cyclone Programme (TCP)
熱帶氣旋計劃
TCP

tropical cyclone-prone area
易於受熱帶氣旋侵襲地區
TCPA

Tropical Forestry Action Plan (TFAP)
熱帶森林行動計劃
TFAP

Tropical Forestry Action Programme
熱帶森林行動計劃
TFAP

tropical rain forest
熱帶雨林
TRF

tropical storm
熱帶風暴
TS

Tropical Wind Observation System (TWOS)
熱帶風觀測係統
TWOS

tropics
熱帶
T

tropopause
對流層頂
T

troposphere
對流層
T

tropospheric chemistry
對流層化壆
TC

tropospheric lifetime
在對流層逗留時間
TL

tropospheric ozone
對流層臭氧
TO

tropospheric ozone pollution
對流層臭氧汙染
TOP

tropospheric ozone station
對流層臭氧觀測站
TOS

tropospheric residence time
在對流層停止時間
TRT

trough
低壓槽; 槽形低壓
T

true resin
实樹脂; 自然樹脂
TR

true specific gravity
絕對比重; 密度
TSG

turbid
渾濁的
T

turbidimeter
渾濁度計
T

turbidity
渾濁度
T

turbidity
渾濁度; 含沙量
T

turbo(-)charged engine
渦輪删壓發動機
TC

turbopause
湍流層頂
T

turbulance
湍流; 湍動性
T

turbulent diffusion
湍流擴散
TD

turbulent diffusion model
湍流擴散模式
TDM

turbulent exchange
湍流交換
T

turbulent flow
湍流
TF

two-dimensional (paper) chromatography
兩向紙色譜法
TDPC

type-approval inspection
定型檢查
TAI

typhoon
台風
T

typical odour
典范氣味
TO

.